Gamma-amino butyric acid, or GABA, for example, is a chemical thatshuts down nerve cells.

如γ-氨基丁酸或伽马氨基丁酸，都是可以使胞闭的化学物质。

These MRI scans can measure the thickness of the grey matter in the brain–that's the outer layer of the brain which varies in thickness, and is full of neurons–nerve cells, which are very sensitive.

这些核磁共振扫描可以测量大脑灰质的厚度——灰质是大脑的外层，它的厚度变化不定，充满了元——胞，它们非常敏感。

He reprogrammed the cells collected into iPS cells, then nudged them to become nerve cells.

先将收集的体胞诱导成iPS, 再用这些iPS胞转化胞。

The way the tissue, nerve cells, and so on are arranged to make the brain.

组织、胞等的排列方式，构成了大脑。

Grey matter is made up of the cell bodies of nerve cells.

灰质是由胞的胞体组成的。

Dendrites serve as input device for neuron because it receives input from other nerve cells.

树突是元的输入装置，为它接受来自其他胞的输入。

ALS affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.

ALS影响大脑和脊髓。

STEP 2 Use alpha lipoic acid, or ALA. The burning sensation may be caused by damaged nerves; ALA neutralizes and prevents further damage to nerve cells.

使用α硫辛酸。灼烧感或许是由于损坏的造成的。α硫辛酸中和并防止胞进一步遭受损害。

Nerve cells are specialised in that they have branched endings called dendrites.

胞很特殊，它们有分支的末端，称为树突。

It noted that fluctuations in levels in the brain of dopamine, a chemical which carries signals between some nerve cells and was known to be associated with the experience of reward, looked like prediction-error signals.

这篇论文指出，大脑中多巴胺水平的波动看起来像是预测-误差的信号。多巴胺是一种在胞之间传递信号的化学物质，与大脑的奖励机制有。

What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined.

在试图建造思维模型的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑中的近1000亿个胞要比以前想像的更聪明，人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂。

Silent synapses - which, as their name suggests, transmit no signal from one nerve cell to another - are often found on the ends of slender, immature protrusions from nerve cells, called filopodia.

沉默突触——顾名思义，它不会将信号从一个胞传递到另一个胞——通常出现在胞长的未成熟突起的末端，称为树突丝。

When your brain gets sloshed and squished, twisting forces happen down on the smallest level, deforming and tearing nerve cells, and damaged neurons can't don't goodly communicate good.

当你的大脑被甩动和挤压时，扭曲的力量会在最小程度上发生，使胞变形和撕裂，受损的元不能很好地传输信息。

These switches, called " epigenetic tags, " are why a kidney cell looks and acts differently than a skin or nerve cell, even though all three cells' have identical DNA.

这些开被称为 “表观遗传标记”，这就是为什么就算有相同的 DNA，肾胞的外观和功能都不同于皮肤胞或元胞。

There are more than 100 million nerve cells in our gut, and our brain and gut communicate with each other all the time through what's called the gut-brain axis.

我们的肠道里有一亿多个胞，通过“肠脑轴”与大脑持续进行沟通。

This demonstration that neurons grown from human stem cells can interface with nerve cells in live rodents could lead to a way to test therapies for human brain disorders.

从人类干胞中生长出的元可以与活啮齿类动物的胞相结合，这一证明也许能为测试人类大脑疾病的治疗效果提供一种方法。

Inside the glomerulus, the olfactory axons meet up with the dendrites of another kind of nerve cell, called a mitral cell, which relays the signal to the brain.

在肾小球内，嗅觉轴突与另一种胞的树突相遇，称为二尖瓣胞，将信号传递到大脑。

Although current blood tests can accurately detect abnormalities in amyloid and tau proteins, detecting markers of nerve cell damage that are specific to the brain has been harder.

尽管目前的血液检测可以准确检测淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白的异常，但检测大脑特有的胞损伤的标志物一直比较困难。

Its sensory neurons create a nerve cell cluster called trigeminal ganglion, located in the bones on the side of the face between the eyes and ears.

它的感觉元组成了一组胞簇，叫做三叉节，位于两侧眼与耳中间的骨骼中。

The second type are voltage-gated channels, which are mostly found in muscle and nerve cells and are primarily controlled by changes in the electrical membrane potential.

第二种是电压门控离子通道，大多分布在肌肉和胞中，主要由膜电位的改变来调控。